Study on changing concentration of tnt and some cytokines in workers occupationally exposed to tnt after non - specific detoxification treatment

Nội dung text: Study on changing concentration of tnt and some cytokines in workers occupationally exposed to tnt after non - specific detoxification treatment

1. Journal of military pharmaco-medicine STUDY ON CHANGING CONCENTRATION OF TNT AND SOME CYTOKINES IN WORKERS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO TNT AFTER NON-SPECIFIC DETOXIFICATION TREATMENT Nguyen Kien Cuong*; Nguyen Phuc Thai*; Do Phuong Huong** Nguyen Xuan Kien***; Nguyen Minh Phuong**** SUMMARY Subjects and methods: A clinical trial study was conducted on 70 workers in some military factories with the evidence of trinitrotoluene (TNT) in their blood from October 2014 to April 2015. The non-specific detoxification method had been applied according to the scientific principle of the Hubbard method for 3 weeks. Results : Mean TNT concentration before treatment was 0.150 ( µg/mL) and reduced sharply down to 0.0154 ( µg/mL) after treatment. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Mean concentration of erythropoietin (EPO) pre-treatment was 676.629 (pg/mL) and rose 792.44 (pg/mL) after the treatment (p < 0.05). Mean erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) before treatment was 4574.23 (pg/mL) and increased up to 5982.89 (pg/mL) after treatment, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Mean concentration of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) was 395.46 (pg/mL) before treatment and reached 621.12 (pg/mL) after the detoxification (p < 0.05). * Keywords: TNT; Detoxification; Occupational exposure; Women; Erythropoietin; Erythropoietin receptor; Interferon gamma. INTRODUCTION detoxification method to a variety of lipid- Trinitrotoluene has been widely used in soluble chemicals such as chlorobenzo- the defense with the large number of cyclic hydrocarbons (PCBs ), heavy metals workers directly exposed to TNT. Until now, (lead, mercury), etc... However, this method there is no specific detoxification treatment has not been conducted for the detoxification for TNT. TNT not only damages the blood of TNT, one kind of lipid soluble chemicals. cells in bone marrow and periferal [11] but If the nonspecific detoxification for the also inhibites the body's immune system TNT workers is effective, how will it affect [4]. Prophylaxis of occupational TNT toxicity some cytokines that plays an important plays an important role in ensuring the role in hematopoietic and immune health of workers exposed to TNT. stimulation system?. From these reasons, L.Ron Hubbard has successfully we conducted a study with a view to: researched and applied non-specific Evaluating TNT, EPO, EPOR and IFN-γ * Mlitary Institute of Preventive Medicine ** 103 Military Hospital *** Military Medicine Department **** Vietnam Military Medical University Corresponding author: Nguyen Minh Phuong (phuongk21@gmail.com) Date received: 06/07/2017 Date accepted: 18/08/2017 170
2. Journal of military pharmaco-medicine level after treatment with non-specific 2. Methods. detoxification which applied Hubbard's - Methodology of clinical trial, evaluation scientific principles. The results will pre-and post-intervention, with the contribute to assess therapeutic effects of permission from the Ethics Board of non-specific detoxification for TNT exposure 103 Military Hospital. workers. - Assessment of changes in TNT, SUBJECTS AND METHODS EPO, EPOR and IFN-γ levels before and 1. Subjects. after non-specific detoxification treatment. - 70 workers work for some military Non-specific detoxification process plants, directly exposed to TNT, with the consists of 3 following key contents: evidence of TNT in their blood. Running exercise in 30 minutes before - Workers had been selected with no the dried sauna for 2.5 hours right after chronic diseases such as diabetes, high exercise. All the workers had been blood pressure, etc and no acute diseases that needs to be cured. supplied niacin and mineral salt, water, vitamins A, D, C, E, B and vegetable oil - Volunteer to participate in this research. (unsaturated fatty acids). - Workers were treated with non- specific detoxification at Detox Center, - Data had been analyzed by SPSS Military Hospital 103 for 3 weeks. The software. Comparison of mean values of research was conducted from October, TNT, EPO, EPOR and IFN-γ before and 2014 to April, 2015. after treatment. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Characteristics of the subjects. Table 1: Characteristics of the research subjects. Subjects (n = 70) Characteristics Number Prevalence % Male 34 48.6 Female 36 51.4 Average age 42.02 ± 6.26 (min: 25; max: 56) - The average age of the participants was 42.02 ± 6.26. They are all exposed to TNT and they have no signs of occupational TNT toxicity. In fact, they can be considered as healthy people. - The proportion of female and male workers accounted for 51.4%, and 48.6%, respectively. The rate of women in our study is basically consistent with the proportion of women labour structure in the Red River Delta (50.6%) [1]. 171
3. Journal of military pharmaco-medicine 2. Changes in blood TNT concentration before and after treatment. Table 2: Blood TNT concentration pre- and post-treatment. Blood TNT Before treatment After treatment (µg/mL) (n = 70) (n = 70) Min - max 0.035 - 0.51 0.000 - 0.160 0.150 ± 0.081 0.0154 ± 0.033 p < 0.05 The plasma TNT level before treatment Niacin (vitamin B3) boosts the release of was 0.150 ( µg/mL), after detoxification free fatty acids, which stimulates the TNT concentration reduced sharply to release of accumulated xenobiotics in the 0.0154 ( µg/mL). The difference was fats and allows them to be excreted statistically significant (p < 0.05). through the skin [6]. The highest TNT level before treatment Reports on TNT dynamics in humans was 0.51 µg/mL and after treatment was are still very rare. It was observed 0.16 µg/mL. that after 17 days of leaving the The results showed that the effects of working environment, the presence of detoxification for TNT were well-activated. dinitroaminotoluene (one metabolic of According to the science principles of TNT) was still observed. in the urine at Hubbard methodology, toxins accumulate in 0.06 mg/L (Woolen BH et al, 1986). This the lipid organization were excreted from indicated that TNT and its metabolites the body by doing exercise, sauna and eliminated relatively slow in humans [12]. mobilizing lipid metabolism, which The results of our study revealed that TNT accelerates TNT clearance more rapidly still accumulated in the body after 3 weeks than TNT's natural metabolic pathway. of leaving the working environment. 3. Changes in some cytokines before and after treatment. Table 3: EPO changes before and after the treatment. Before treatment After treatment EPO (pg/mL) (n = 70) (n = 70) Min - max 20.80 - 2566.23 106.73 - 2369.207 676.629 ± 682.27 792.44 ± 564.06 p < 0.05 Mean EPO levels before and after Which mechanism that regulates and treatment were 676.629 pg/mL and mobilizes hematopoietic cells after exercise 792.44 pg/mL, respectively. The difference are still unknown clearly. Kidney is a was statistically significant (p < 0.05). major EPO production site, EPO deficiency The increase in EPO level after is commonly observed in people with exercise has been well documented. anemia such as renal failure. Experimental 172
4. Journal of military pharmaco-medicine study by Baker et al (2011) showed that in vessels through the mechanism of trained muscle groups, there was an inhibiting apoptosis or by stimulating the increase in the expression level of the production Nitric oxide and vasodilatation EPO up to 93% [2]. enhancement [10]. From our point of In bone marrow, EPO binds to its view, due to the vasodilatation effect that receptor (EPOR) which is expressed on was made by the combination of EPO and the surface of erythroid progenitors, where niacin during the treatment, therefore it stimulates the proliferation and suppresses enhance the removal of toxins from the the apoptosis of newly formed cells. body. It can be said that the enhancement Under hypoxia, EPO gene transcription is of EPO after the detoxification provides activated, resulting in an increase in EPO positive protective effects. level in the circulation, afterward EPO We suggested that an increasing EPO binds to its specific receptor on the after treatment is possibly due to the effects surface of erythroid precursors in the of sauna, high temperature increasing bone marrow, initiate the JAK2 (Janus vassolidation, leads to increase blood flow kiansse 2) signal pathway, and increase through the skin. Therefore, it can reduce the number of red blood cells. oxygen-carrying blood flow to organs EPO is known to play a role in blood especially the kidneys, which activates vessels protection by acting on endothelial the kidneys to boost the production of cells and smooth muscle cells in blood EPO by reverse-regulating mechanism. Table 4: EPOR changes before and after the treatment. Before treatment After treatment EPOR (pg/mL) (n = 70) (n = 70) Min - max 1874.92 - 21483.110 2302.58 - 23680.54 4574.23 ± 2781.41 5982.89 ± 4279.82 p < 0.05 The average EPOR pre-treatment level was 4574.23 pg/mL, increased to 5982.89 pg/mL after the treatment, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). EPOR is produced by lack of oxygen and leads to an increase in EPO sensitivities. The interaction between EPO and EPOR creates biological effects. To the best of our knowledge, the increase in the concentration of EPO and EPO receptors synergizes and promotes the biological effect of EPO. Table 5: IFN-γ changes before and after the treatment. Before treatment After treatment IFN-γ (pg/mL) (n = 70) (n = 70) Min - max 4.413 - 2250.775 2.170 - 4394.197 395.46 ± 457.28 621.12 ± 733.02 p < 0.05 173
5. Journal of military pharmaco-medicine Mean IFN-γ level after treatment is non-specific detoxification applied Hubbard higher than that before treatment. Prior to method including combined exercises, treatment, the average IFN-γ level was sauna and vitamins supplementation is 395.46 pg/mL. After treatment, mean IFN-γ effective to stimulate immune system and level rose to 621.12 pg/mL, the difference enhance the body's resistance. was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The increase in IFN-γ level after non- TNT level before treatment was specific detoxification may be due to the 0.150 µg/mL, and reduced sharply to use of some vitamins, including the role of 0.0154 µg/mL after treatment. The vitamin E and vitamin A during treatment. difference was statistically significant Vitamin E has been shown to increase the (p < 0.05). CD4/CD8 ratio. Moreover, rising IFN-γ production has been demonstrated in Mean concentration of EPO pre- patients with colorectal cancer using treatment were 676.629 pg/mL and rosed vitamin E to enhance immunity [8]. up to 792.44 pg/mL after the treatment Vitamin E has been known as anti- (p < 0.05). inflammatory and antioxidant abilities, the Mean EPOR before treatment was use of vitamin E in treatment is quite 4574.23 pg/mL and increased to 5982.89 widespread and common. Because of the pg/mL after treatment, the difference was anti-free radical effect, vitamin E plays a statistically significant (p < 0.05). significant role in treating many diseases Mean concentration of IFN-γ were of various organs in the body [9]. 395.46 pg/mL before treatment and In our opinion, the increase in IFN-γ increased up to 621.12 pg/mL after the level after non-specific treatment is not detoxification (p < 0.05). only the role of vitamins, but also the role RECOMMENDATIONS of heat stimulation due to sauna and the effect of exercise. In experiment, it was Step by step to do research on non- found that hyperthermia increased the specific TNT detoxification method at ability of inhibition tumor growth, enhancing military medicine at baseline in military the survivor time of animal with experimental factories, workers exposed to TNT should tumors [5]. After a moderate exercise, M. be periodically treated by non-specific Baum (1997) reported an increase in IFN-γ detoxification to protect and promote their level among participants, an IFN-γ health. concentration of 974 pg/mL (before REFERENCES practicing) increased to 1,450 pg/mL after 1. T ổng c ục Th ống kê. Báo cáo điều tra lao 24 hours of doing exercise. động và vi ệc làm quý 2 n ăm 2014. 2014, tr.4. Therefore, from the findings of our study 2. Baker J.M, De Lisio M, Parise G. on changes in IFN-γ levels before and Endurance exercise training promotes after non-specific detoxification based on medullary hematopoiesis. Faseb J. 2011, 25 the Hubbard method, it can be said that (12), pp.4348-4357. 174
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