Some characteristics of victims in road traffic accidents treated at mocchau general hospital sonla province (2012 - 2013)

Nội dung text: Some characteristics of victims in road traffic accidents treated at mocchau general hospital sonla province (2012 - 2013)

1. JOURNAL OF MILITARY PHARMACO-MEDICINE No7-2015 SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF VICTIMS IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS TREATED AT MOCCHAU GENERAL HOSPITAL SONLA PROVINCE (2012 - 2013) Hoang Trung Khai*; Nguyen Thi Thinh* SUMMARY Objectives: A cross-sectional descriptive research aims to identify several characteristics in road traffic accident patients in need for emergency treatment in Mocchau District General Hospital. Results and discussions: Men suffering from road traffic accidents are 3 times as high as women (74.1% versus 25.9%). The victims in traffic accidents are mainly in the age group of 20 - 29, accounting for 30.0%. These people come from Kinh and Thai ethnics (42.0% and 38.3%), whereas this rate is relatively low in other ethnic groups (the H’mong, Muong). Most victims are farmers (58.7%), victims with high literacy occupy 40.8%. The timing of road traffic accidents occur mainly in the evening and at night higher than in the morning (41.5% versus 19.4%). In terms of weather factor, tracffic accidents often happen at the time of the sunshine rather than the time of shadow. The flat road is the common cause of traffic accident. Up to 19.1% of the accidents are due to no wearing helmets. Situations leading to traffic accidents are: self-falling off motorcycles (35.6%), motorcycle - motorcycle collision (23.8%), automobile - motorcycles collision (15.5%). * Key words: Road traffic accidents; Victims; Mocchau District; Sonla province. INTRODUCTION leading cause of mortality in hospital. There are on average day about 30 Road traffic accident is the leading cause people deaths and 70 people injured. of death and disability in the world. Sonla is a mountainous province in the According to the WHO, every year there Northwest with high rate of accidents. are 1.3 million deaths and 50 million injuries General Hospital of Mocchau district caused by road traffic accidents, causing receives an annual average of more than great damage on economy and health. 400 cases of injuries; in which, more than In Vietnam, the overview report by the 50% is due to traffic accident. This study Ministry of Health in 2012 showed that the aims to: Examine some factors related to number of accidents, the number of patients with road traffic accidents in order injuries and deaths from accidents and to propose the appropriate measures in injuries, especially road traffic accidents order for prevention or improvement in increased within 10 years. Deaths from quality as well as give the first aid and injuries and accidents of all kinds are emergency treatment for patients. * Hadong Medical College Corresponding author: Nguyen Thi Thinh (ntthinhhd@gmail.com) 13
2. JOURNAL OF MILITARY PHARMACO-MEDICINE No7-2015 SUBJECTS AND METHODS Men with road traffic accidents are 1. Subjects. nearly 3 times as high as women (74.2% vs 25.8%). Patients in the group of 20 - 29 407 victims in road traffic accidents years old with road traffic accidents were treated at Emergency Department, account for the highest rate (30.0%), the General Hospital Mocchau district, Sonla age group under 6 and over 60 years old in 2 years between 2012 and 2013. Patients has the low rate (3.4% vs 5.4%). treated to stabilize and rehabilitate due to sequelae caused by traffic accidents were H’Mong excluded. 9.1% Others 2. Methods. 2.9% A cross-sectional and descriptive study Muong was combined with analysis of secondary 7.6% data. The subjects of the study are patients Kinh who were treated at Emegency Department, Thai 42.0% Mocchau district, General Hospital within 7.6% 2 years. Chart 1: Distribution of patients with road 3. Data collection. traffic accidents according to ethnicity Use the paper to record the cases of (n = 407). road traffic accidents based on Decision 1356/QD-BYT dated 18/4/2008. Patients with road traffic accidents treated in hospital are mainly from ethnic group of RESULTS Kinh and Thai (occupying the highest rate Table 1: Distribution of patients in road 42.0% and 38.3%). Ethnic group of H’mong traffic accidents according to gender and and Muong are 9.1% and 7.6%, respectively. age (n = 407). Other ethnic groups take up 2.9%. PERSONAL NUMBER RATE (%) Table 2: Distribution of traffic accident CHARACTERISTICS victims according to education level (n = 407). Gender Male 301 74.1 Female 105 25.9 RATE EDUCATION LEVEL NUMBER (%) Age group: < 6 years 14 3.4 Illiteracy 16 3.9 6 - 15 32 7.9 16 - 19 65 16.0 Literacy 59 14.5 20 - 29 122 30.0 Primary (level 1) 53 13.0 30 - 39 73 17.9 Lower secondary (level 2) 166 40.8 40 - 49 49 12.0 50 - 59 30 7.4 High School (level 3) 68 16.7 ≥ 60 22 5.4 Colleges and universities 45 11.1 14
3. JOURNAL OF MILITARY PHARMACO-MEDICINE No7-2015 Patients with road traffic accidents treated in hospital are mostly at the secondary education level, which accounts for the highest rate (40.8%). Meanwhile the lowest rate is found in the illiterate patients (3.9%). Table 3: Distribution of traffic accidents according to occupation (n = 407). OCCUPATION NUMBER RATE (%) Students 68 16.7 Civil servants 34 8.4 Farmers 239 58.7 Workers and artisans 6 1.5 Traders, free labors 35 8.6 Others (retired people, children) 25 6.1 Victims as farmers constitute the highest rate (58.7%). In the morning 19.4% In the evening night 41.5% In the afternoon 39.1% Chart 2: The timing of occurrence of road traffic accidents (n = 407). 6h00 - 8h00 - 11h30 - 13h30 - 16h30 - 18h30 - 19h30 - 23h30 - < 8h00 < 11h30 < 3h30 < 16h30 < 18h30 < 19h30 < 23h30 < 6h30 Chart 3: Rate of road traffic accidents victims according to the daytime (n = 407). 15
4. JOURNAL OF MILITARY PHARMACO-MEDICINE No7-2015 More than 80% of road traffic accidents Not occur from afternoon to evening and at night. wearingNot In which, at the time between 13h30 - wearing < 16h30 and 19h30 - < 23h30 is the most helmethelmet frequent (26.1% vs 24.8%) and the lowest 19,1% 19.1% number of traffic accidents happens in the Wearing Wearinghelmet morning from 6h30 to < 8h00. helmet80.9% Entering a Uphill Chart 6: Road traffic accidents caused80,9% by curve 9.9% 5.7% motorcyclists’ wearing helmets (n = 340). Drunk 12.8% In driving in the flat road 69.3% Downhill 15.1% Not drunk 87.2% Chart 4: Status of movement on the road Chart 7: Status of drinking wine or beer at the time of the accident (n = 407). before occurring road traffic accidents. 69.3% of patients in road traffic accidents Table 4: The situations responsible for is as a result of driving on the flat road. road traffic accidents (n = 407). Others Rainy MECHANISM NUMBER % 25.3% 17.5% Motorcycles - motorcycles 97 23.8 Cars - motorcycles 63 15.5 Cars - walking 12 2.9 Motorcycles - walking 35 8.6 Self-falling motorcycles 145 35.6 Fog 13.0% Sunny Others 55 13.5 44.2% 80.9% of patients with traffic accidents Chart 5: Characteristics of weather when is due to motorcyclists’ wearing helmets, occurring road traffic accidents (n = 407). the rest (12.8%) lies in the group of no The road traffic accidents occurring on wearing helmets. The victims driving under sunny weather take up the highest rate the influence of alcohol and self-falling off (44.2%), followed by rain (17.55 %), fog vehicles account for the highest rate (35.6%), (13.0%) and others (25.3 %). following by collision between motorcycle - 16
5. JOURNAL OF MILITARY PHARMACO-MEDICINE No7-2015 motorcycle (23.8%), car - motorcycle (15.5%), Bacgiang province and General Hospital motorcycle - walking (8.6%), car - walking of Bacgiang district in 2011. It can be (2.9%) and other mechanisms (13.5%). explained that in the afternoon, after lunch time, especially on hot days, the victims DISCUSSION drink wine/beer, whereas in the evening Our research findings in 407 patients and at night, due to limited vision, the with road traffic accidents is also consistent accident may happen. with that of several authors at home and In this study, traffic accidents occur in in the world on patients’ characteristics, all types of roads and mainly on the flat conditions and situations leading to road road. This result is consistent with that of traffic accidents: the study on 1,193 emergency patients, - Characteristics of patients: who were treated in Khanhhoa General Male drivers, especially young men from Hospital in 6 months of 2011 with 79.18% 20 - 29 years old at high risk of accidents traffic accidents occurring on flat road. This are those who drive at high speed, overtake is related to the victims’ subjectiveness carelessly and drink wine/beer before. and speeding. Although Mocchau is the area with many Accidents often happen when it is ethnic groups, ethnic group of Kinh and sunny, this result is similar to the research Thai still account for over 50% of the by Le Trung Hai on road traffic accident in population. Therefore, the traffic frequency is also higher, but they are careless while Khanhhoa General Hospital within six joining in traffic. months in 2011: 94.31% of accidents occur in good weather. Many reports or research results on road traffic accidents show that accidents - On situations causing accidents: happen to all the levels of education, In our research, motorcycle - related traffic people with higher education can be a accidents constitute 83.5%; of which, 1/3 better understanding of the harmful effects, of patients are self-falling (35.6%), nearly consequences and precautious measures 1/4 is due to motorcycles - motorcycles from traffic accidents. The research results indicate that patients treated in hospital collision (23.8%) and 1/6 is brought about are chiefly farmers, taking up the highest by collision between cars and motorcycles rate in comparison with other professions. (15.5%), motorcycle - walking (8.6%). This - Characteristics of time, road and weather: result corresponds with that on patients in traffic accidents in hospitals of Vietnam Our research results show that 80.6% and consequently, accidents are very closely of traffic accidents occurs in the afternoon, evening and at night, in accordance with related to motor vehicles. Particularly, the the research result of 3,411 victims of rate of head injuries and traumatic brain road traffic accident in Hanoi, and also injury are associated very tightly with the similar to that in General Hospital of rate of motorcyclists not wearing helmets. 17
6. JOURNAL OF MILITARY PHARMACO-MEDICINE No7-2015 Our research results reveal that drunk car - motorbike: 15.5%, motorbike - walking: drivers account for 12.8%. This result is 8,6% and car - walking: 2.9%. Driving under lower than that on 1,453 patients in road the influence of alcohol: 12.8%. traffic accidents in need for emergency treatment in six provincial and district REFERENCES hospitals of three provinces: Hanam, Ninhbinh, Bacgiang. This rate was 42.5% 1. The Ministry of Health. The situation of between 11 - 2010 and 03 - 2011 and 46.4% injuries in Vietnam for 5 years (2006 - 2010). in 2011 in another study on 593 patients Proceedings of the Mid Term Review Conference of implementation of the Directive in two hospitals of Bacgiang province. and Planning of Preventing Injury in CONCLUSION community of health service in the period of 2011 - 2015. Hanoi. 2011. 1. Men at high risk of road traffic accidents 2. The Ministry of Health. Report on results are three times as high as women (74.1% of implementation of Decision No. 1356/QD- versus 25.9%). The age group of 20 - 29 BYT dated on 18/04/2008 of the Ministry of is predominant (30.0%). The victims are Health on issuing forms of recording and mainly from ethnic group of Kinh and Thai reporting the cases of traffic accident with (42.0% and 38.3%), other ethnic groups hospital admission. 2011. such as Hmong, Muong... have lower rate 3. Vietnam Ministry of Health - Medical of accidents. 58.7% of the patients are Publishing House. Common Report on the farmers. Secondary high school students health situation of Vietnam in 2012. Medical in traffic accident take up 40.8%. Publisher. 2012, p.25. 2. The time of road accidents occurs 4. The Ministry of Health - Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control. The mainly in the evening and at night, higher global report on preventing injury of road than in the morning (41.5% versus 19.4%). traffic. Medical Publisher. 2004. Moreover, accidents are attributable to the 5. Tran Thi Ngoc Lan, Luong Mai Anh, sunny condition rather than shady condition. Nguyen Thuy Linh et al. Evaluation of alcohol Flat road is responsible for traffic accidents, usage in patients of traffic accidents in 3 occupying high rate (69.3%). Up to 19.1% provinces of Hanam, Ninhbinh, Bacgiang of the accidents are due to drivers not 11/2010 - 3/2011. Journal of Medical Practice. wearing helmets. No 786/2011, 2011, p.45-51. 3. Situations leading to the road traffic 6. World Health Organization. Global status accidents: self-falling motorcycles: 35.6%, report on alcohol and health. World Health motorbike - motorbike collision: 23.8%, Organization. Switzerland. 2011, p.286. 18